2 (13) 2021

https://doi.org/10.30702/Ophthalmology30062021-13.2.33-38/053.82
UDC 617.7-007.681:796.015:616-053.82

Malachkova N. V., Veretelnyk S. P., Pliushko R. I.

National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsia, Ukraine

Abstract

The aim. To assess intraocular pressure (IOP) values in medical students before and after exercise and to analyze the possible relationship between body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and IOP.

Materials and methods. Examinations were conducted in 77 young people (154 eyes) aged 18-20 years without complaints and pathology of the eye. The study group consisted of 27 males (35 %) and 50 females (65 %). Assessment of IOP, SBP, DBP was performed at the beginning and after physical activities. Before the measurement, each student had a rest for 5-10 minutes for normalization of heart and respiratory rates. Blood pressure was measured on both hands. Intraocular pressure was measured using the Icare TA01I tonometer. Blood pressure was measured using Paramed X3 patient monitor. The duration of physical activity was ± 60 minutes and was divided into two parts.

Results. According to the obtained results, there was no statistically significant difference between blood pressure levels before and after exercise, but it should be noted that after the exercise blood pressure rose by an average of 13 %.

IOP before and after the exercises did not show statistically significant changes, but, from mathematical point of view, we could note the decrease in the average indicators of IOP for both eyes. IOP decrease was 3 % for the right eye and 2 % for the left eye. No relationship between the IOP rise and gender was noted.

Conclusions. According to the results of the study, it was found that blood pressure and IOP after exercises in medical students with normal BMI and without concomitant pathology showed no significant changes.

Keywords: glaucoma, intraocular pressure, physical activity, young people, young age.

Read more: Assessment of the Impact of Physical Activity on Intraocular Pressure in Young People

https://doi.org/10.30702/Ophthalmology30062021-13.2.24-32/073.48
UDC 617.7-007.681:617.741-004.1]-073.48

Novytskyy I. Ia., Lopadchak R. M.

Department of Ophthalmology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine

Abstract

The aim. To develop a predictive factor (PF) of anterior chamber (AC) angle closure based on biometric data and to compare its values with the Lowe coefficient and lens thickness to axial length factor (LAF) in healthy patients of different age, cataract patients and patients with chronic and acute angle-closure glaucoma.

Materials and methods. The study was performed in 180 variously-aged (20 to 60 years) patients with different types of refraction, and in 20 patients with acute AC angle closure, in 20 patients with primary chronic angle-closure glaucoma and in 20 patients with cataract. The AC depth, the lens thickness (LT) and the axial length (AL) were measured by A-scan ultrasound biomicroscopy.

Results. Based on ultrasound biometrics, a PF of anterior angle closure has been developed: PF = AC / AL / LT x 100. There was significant age-related decrease in the PF coefficient in patients with all types of refraction (p<0.001). In case of hypermetropia, PF was significantly less than in cases with myopia and emmetropia (p<0.001). Compared to the Lowe coefficient, the PF coefficient more sensitively showed the trend towards the closure of the AC angle in the age-refraction context.

The AC depth in case of an acute glaucoma (2.3 ± 0.16 mm) was significantly less than that in case of chronic angle-closure glaucoma (2.4±0.21 mm) and differed significantly from that in case of cataract (3.32±0.33 mm), in all groups p < 0.001. At the same time, LT did not differ significantly in patients with acute glaucoma, chronic angle-closure glaucoma and cataracts (p>0.05).

There was significant difference in PF coefficient between the groups of patients with an acute angle-closure glaucoma and cataracts, as well as chronic angle-closure glaucoma and cataracts (p<0.001). Its significance was higher than the significance of the Lowe coefficient between the respective groups. PF less than 2.5 was a significant risk factor for the closure of the AC angle.

Keywords: angle-closure glaucoma, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, axial length, ultrasound biometrics, predictive factor, Lowe coefficient.

Read more: Predictive Factor of Anterior Chamber Angle Closure Based on Ultrasound Biometrics

https://doi.org/10.30702/Ophthalmology30062021-13.2.14-23/833-007.17
UDC 617.736-007.7:616.379-008.64:616.833-007.17

Karliychuk M. A.¹, Bezditko P. A.², Pinchuk S. V.³

¹Radzikhovskiy Department of Ophthalmology, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
²Ophthalmology Department of the Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
³Eye Microsurgery Center Vash Zir, Chernivtsi, Ukraine

Abstract. Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), affecting up to a quarter of all patients with DM, and in asymptomatic form it is present in all patients. A number of changes in the retina, optic nerve, corneal nerve fibers, and visual function may correlate with DPN, so their evaluation may provide additional information on the detection and determination of its severity.

The aim. To determine the peculiarities of changes in morphometric parameters of the central zone of the retina depending on the severity of DPN.

Materials and methods. In total, 575 patients with type II DM were examined (1150 eyes). In 365 (63.5 %) DM patients, the diagnosis of DPN was excluded (stage N0). DPN was diagnosed in 210 (36.5 %) DM patients. Asymptomatic DPN was observed in 101 (17.5 %) DM patients: N1A stage – in 47 (8.1 %) patients, N1B stage – in 54 (9.4 %) patients; symptomatic DPN – in 89 (15.5 %) DM patients: N2A stage – in 46 (8.0 %) patients, N2B stage – in 43 (7.5 %) patients; stage of severe complications (N3 stage) – in 20 (3.5 %) DM patients. The control group consisted of 50 healthy individuals (100 eyes). In addition to standard ophthalmic examination methods, optical coherent tomography of the retina and optic nerve was performed.

Results. Patients with type 2 DM had morphometric features of macular lesions depending on the severity of DPN: the index of focal loss volume (FLV) of retinal ganglion cells was 8.4 times higher in asymptomatic stage A DPN, 8.7 times higher in asymptomatic stage B DPN, 14.1 times higher in symptomatic stage A DPN, 14.3 times higher in symptomatic stage B DPN, 15.3 times higher at the stage of severe DPN complications (p <0.05), and the thickness of the retina in the foveolar zone in patients with asymptomatic stage A DPN was 9.1 % lower, with asymptomatic stage B DPN it was 8.9 % lower, and at the stage of severe complications of DPN it was 12.7 % lower than the respective indices in healthy age-matched individuals.

Conclusions. The obtained data indicate the relationship between morphometric parameters of the macula and the severity of DPN. The identified morphometric features of the macula in type 2 DM can serve as a non-invasive ophthalmic biomarker of the severity of DPN.

Keywords: macula, optical coherent tomography, diabetic polyneuropathy, severity.

Read more: Changes of Morphometric Parameters of the Macula as a Non-Invasive Biomarker of the Severity of...